Questions About Wicca

What is the meaning of Wicca?

 I will use the Webster's Dictionary to explain:

Wicca   Pronunciation: wĭk´kå:

A religion derived from pre-Christian times, also called Witchcraft, which practices a benevolent reverence for nature, and recognizes two deities, variously viewd as Mother & Father, Goddess & God, Female & Male, etc.; its practitioners are called Wiccans, Wiccas, or Witches. Since there is no central authority to propagate dogma, the beliefs and practices of Wicca vary significantly.

 

Now I do see Wicca that way, and the meaning for me is much deeper. Not all Wiccans will believe the way I do, and thats wonderful! Where's the beauty in any religion if we don't talk to the "Divine" in our own special way? The only way I can give you a meaning on what it is to me is to explain from my perspective.

I believe there is one "Divine" being (I use Divine in place of God or anything else because I feel any other term is bias in this situation. If i say God it's in partnership to a Goddess.) To help me through my ritual (or praying with style) to the Divine I use two deities (one male and one female) to help me focus on what i want to pray about. If I feel I need more compassion or fertility I would "pray" using the goddess' name. If I need strength and etc. I would "pray" using the God's name I chose for the purpose.

I like to have a small statue or picture of the God/Goddess on my altar with candles when I pray, but I do not pray to the statues...I pray to one Divine being. I believe that the Divine can be whatever you need it to be. Buddists, Christians, Pagans, and etc. to me are all praying to the same Divine being. It goes by many names, in many different cultures, with many different visions of what the Divine looks like and I think they are all correct! Who am I to say that "Hey you made the world and everything on it, but you can't look or be prayed to differently than how I pray?!" I can't. The reason I use the God/Goddess is to me the Divine has a masculine AND a feminine side.

Example: Masculine= I love you, I want you, I will protect you etc. Feminine=I need you, I'm here for you etc.

I believe there is a little piece of the Divine in everything! You, me, even my neighbor that gets on my nerves! I believe that Wicca teaches to have acceptance, understanding, and respect for others no matter if you like each other or not. You respect each other because you both come from one Divine being, and that makes us both perfect.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Is Wicca a Cult?!

This is from the book: Wicca Demystified: A Guide for Practitioners, Family and Friends By: Bryan Lankford (He goes into more depth on this subject I just summed it up!)

 

The word cult has become a word used by people to put fear and suspicion over a religious group. They know that when people read and hear the word cult everyone thinks of crazy people in a group hurting children, having orgies, and worshiping the Devil. The problem is there is no universal definition of the word cult. Most groups would find a definition they liked and use it for their purpose of what describes them. 

The Webster's Dictionary has several meanings for Cult. 

1: formal religious veneration : worship.  

2: a system of religious beliefs and ritual; also : its body of adherents

3:  a system for the cure of disease based on dogma set forth by its promulgator

4:  a religion regarded as unorthodox or spurious; also : its body of adherents

With that definition Christianity, Buddism, Islam, and Judiasm is a cult also.

 

Another view on cults is from an anti-cult writer that I came across, Marcia Rudin, MA, she has 14 characteistics that make up a cult:

1: Members swear total allegiance to an all-powerful leader who they believe to be the Messiah.

2: Rational thought is discouraged or forbidden.

3: The cult's recruitment techniques are often deceptive.

4: The cult weakens the follower psychologically by making him/her depend upon the group to solve his/her problems.

5. Cults manipulate guilt to their advantage.

6. The cult leader makes all the career and life decisions of the members.

7. Cults exist only for their own material survival and make false promises to work to improve society.

8. Cult members often work full-time for the group for little or no pay.

9. Cult members are isolated from the outside world and any reality testing it could provide.

10. cults are antiwoman, antichild, and antifamily.

11. Cults are apocalyptic and believe themselves to be the remnant who will survive the soon-approaching end of the world.

12. Many cults follow an "ends justify the means" philosophy.

13. Cults, particularly in regard to their finances, are shrouded in secrecy.

14. There is frequently an aura of or potential for violence around cults.

 

She says cults "follow an all-powerful leader." Wicca isn't a religion that has an all-powerful leader that everone obeys. There are groups called covens that is usually quit small between 8-15 people at the most. They useually have a group leader who has studied for many years in another group before that is male or female and they're called the High Priest/High Priestess. They are only in charge of one group and no more. 

Her second point is "all rational thought is discouraged." Wicca makes it a necessity for people to question and explore their religious belief. If someone that's studying Wicca recieved information that doesn't make sense they are encouraged and nudged to ask questions and get the answers.

The third is "deceptive recruitment techniques."  Wicca does not recruit in any way. If someone starts studying Wicca it's because they picked up the book on their own or searched for a teacher on their own. Some priestesses wait for a potential student to come back a couple of times before they are considered and most of the time the student has to study for a year before they can join so the priestess knows they understand their religious choice.

She also points out "there is frequently an aura of/potential for violence around cults." Wicca is about being in harmony with nature and those around us. No one will try to MAKE any one stay in the group and no one will try to make anyone do anything violent/hurtful. Wicca teaches that anger creates a bigger peoblem than it solves.

To sum it up ALL religions have people that use the religion for their own gain. An unethical person who says they practice a specific religion should not be used as an example for the whole religious group. If we go by Marcia Rudin's description of a cult then Wicca doesn't fall in line with it. 

People in the group also have rights that protect them called "The Seeker's Bill of Rights." That will be another FAQ!

 

 

 

The Seeker's Bill Of Rights

(https://www.txcog.org/txcogwicca.html      is where I recieved this from)

 

 

 

Seekers on the pagan path are in an extremely vulnerable position. In their quest for fellowship and teaching, they risk encountering those who use faith to prey on others. To empower the Seekers of our community, a Seeker's Bill of Rights has been drafted. This tool will help to alert Seekers of a problem if a group or teacher violates any of the ten rights described. It will also serve to remind Seekers that while they do not have "degrees," they are still human beings with rights and dignity. (Written by Charles Mars, Texas Local Council Member and 1999-2002 National CoG Board Member)
 
I. The Right to Verify Credentials
 
Seekers shall not be obstructed from substantiating claims made by a teacher or group. In the case of Elders that were inspired to create a new tradition, the Seeker has the right to know the circumstances surrounding the inception of that tradition.
 
II. The Right to Anonymity
 
Seekers have the right to keep their involvement in the occult a secret to preserve their personal & professional lives.
 
III. The Right to Financial Stability
 
Seekers shall not be required or coerced into taking on any financial burdens on behalf of a teacher or group.
 
IV. The Right to Compensation for Professional Goods & Services
 
Seekers have the right to be paid for goods produced and/or skilled labor from which they would normally receive an income. Seekers shall not be required or coerced into providing discounts or "freebies" on behalf of a teacher or group.
 
V. The Right to Sexual Freedom
 
Seekers shall not be required or coerced into sexual relations with unwanted persons, nor shall Seekers be restricted from sexual relations with consenting adults.
 
VI. The Right to Physical Well-Being
 
Seekers shall not be required or coerced into submitting to any form of physical injury or abuse.
 
VII. The Right to Abide by the Law
 
Seekers shall not be required or coerced into committing any illegal act.
 
VIII. The Right to Consistency
 
Seekers have the right to expect consistency in policies by a teacher or group. Seekers should be formally informed in a timely manner of any policy changes.
 
IX. The Right to Separation with Impunity
 
Seekers have the right to discontinue association with any teacher or group without fear of harassment or reprisal.
 
X. The Right to be at Peace with One's Conscience
 
Seekers shall not be required or coerced into committing any action contrary to their own sense of ethics and morality.
 

What's the difference between Wiccan, Witch, and Pagan?

Wiccan, Witch, and Pagan- all three are umbrella terms, an umbrella term is a word that covers and describes several different groups. Defitnitions of each term vary, and how many groups each term covers depends on which definition you use. 

Wiccan is specifically someone who practices the Wiccan religion. There are many traditions in the Wiccan religion, each are have differences in practice but are similar on how they worship and ethical standards.

Witch refers to someone who practices magick. If spell work or use of energy is emplayed to make changes to themselves or the world, then they might refer to themselves as a Witch. Males and females are both called Witches. Lots of different groups refer to themselves as Witches. Like Voodoo and even gypsies might call themselves Witches even though there are no religious ties between them; each is a seperate religion with very different practices and ethical standards. Witchcraft itself isn't a religion; it refers to the use of magick within/outside a religious structure.

Pagan varies widely on what the person tends to convey with it's use. At times it may defined as someone who isn't Christian, people who aren't Jewish, Christian, or Muslim, or "a person who holds religious beliefs that are not part of any of the world's main religions" quoted from the Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary. Wiccans may think of it like Scott Cunningham describes in his book Wicca: A Guide For A Solitary Practitioner, "Today used as a general term for followers of Wicca ans other magical, shamanistic, and polytheistic religions."

Problems happen when people shift the conversation to be more relaxed and out of Wiccan structure because:

  • Not all Pagans are Wiccan
  • Not all Pagans are Witches
  • Wiccans are typically Witches
  • Not all Witches are Wiccan
  • Not all Witches are Pagan

Just like in Christianity:

  • Not all Christians are Catholic
  • Not all Christians are Methodist
  • Catholics are typically Christian

Etc. and etc.

 

What Is The Wiccan Rede?

This is from witchvox.com and I couldn't have said it better!

 

 

Unlike most mainstream religions, Witchcraft does not have a long list of laws governing our behavior. Witches generally adhere to what has become known as "THE WICCAN REDE" and THE THREE-FOLD LAW. These two principles contain the basics of what Witches define as ethical and moral behavior within the Craft and the society in which we live.

 

Much criticism has been leveled at the Witches Rede by outsiders who, by a quick reading of the text, assume that it is a license to do whatever "feels good" to the individual without accompanying responsibility. Nothing could be further from the truth. The Witches' Rede is rich with compassion, empathy and respect for others, the individual practitioner , the Goddess and God, and Mother Earth. It guides and directs our energies "for the good of all".

 

"Harm" is defined as "physical or mental damage" and to this we can add "psychic damage" as well. To inflict harm on another is simply not a thing that a Witch would do. Aside from the obvious karmic repercussions, Witches have a deep and abiding knowledge of the workings of the Universe. All things are connected to all other things- we are related to all Life, the Earth and the Stars. We know that all that we do affects everything else in the Web of Life. We are very conscious of this responsibility. We are known as "The Craft of the Wise" because of our knowledge of energies and the natural and spiritual laws that govern the workings of the Universe. To work within these laws is wisdom, to work against them is chaos. Because we hold this knowledge, we know and are willing to accept responsibility for our actions and what will result from them. We do not believe in a fictional devil that "made us do it". WE make the choices, and so, we make our choices very carefully. The image of a witch dressed in flowing robe running around "zapping" people or casting random spells across the countryside is a fictitious one. All spells that Witches actually perform are directed to a very specific end, developed after much thought and should always end with the phrase "for the good of all and the harm of none". No one here on this earth can possibly be sure of all the possibilities which fall under "the good of all", but by asking that the spell be performed under this guideline, we save ourselves and others a lot of unnecessary trouble. If it is indeed "for the good of all", it will come to pass. If it does not manifest, then perhaps we have asked wrongly or do not have all the information. In either case, we have spared ourselves and others from karmic backlash and the "three-fold return" of which much lately has been made in media sources.

 

An example can be given here in the working of love spells. To manipulate a person into a relationship in which they have shown no interest developing is to try to negate that person' s right to free will. To cast a spell "to make so and so fall in love with me" shows not a spirit of love but an insensitivity to another's feelings. But Witches do cast love spells. don't they? Yes, they do.. The first love spell a Witch should cast should be for her/himself. Self esteem is essential in correct magical working. To bring a complete and balanced person into a relationship, is indeed to give a precious gift to another. To be capable of receiving love, we must be able to truly give love.

 

So what would be a correct love spell? A spell to "remove obstacles to love" could cause physical distance to cease to be a problem, would allow "circumstances" to arrange a meeting or draw someone who is good for you into your life that perhaps you do not even know yet! It could also make someone who IS interested in you to be able to overcome shyness in approaching you..or you with them.

 

The point here is that while Witches are free to influence energies to accomplish a purpose, they are not free to manipulate people. "For the good of all" should be the real reason one does a spell.

 

Another area of confusion can result from a too quick interpretation of the Rede. Does the Rede mean that we are just to accept mistreatment from others? Are we simply to "turn the other cheek"? Witches are empowered individuals. They are strong and because they have worked on their own self esteem issues, they will not accept bad treatment from anyone. We cast protection spells around ourselves and our loved ones. We know how to deflect harm without inflicting harm. We "neutralize" harmful energies back into the Universe to be converted to pure forces that CEASE to do any harm at all. We are protecting ourselves and the effects of the "bad" energies do no further damage to anyone. We are practicing the Rede at its highest level.."an it harm none" = we are protected...and "for the good of all" = it harms no one else in the process. Witches believe in "justice", not revenge. We can wait for justice to be served, for eventually what goes around, indeed, will come around. The God and Goddess know our hearts and our intentions and we are confident that, in the end, we are vindicated.

The Wiccan Rede (Long form)
(also known as The Rede of the Wiccae and the Witches' Creed)
Generally credited to Doreen Valiente

 

 

Hear now the word of the Witches, the secrets we hid in the night, 
When dark was our destinys pathway, That now we bring forth in the light.

Mysterious Water and Fire, The Earth and the wide-ranging Air, 
By hidden Quintessence we know Them, and we will keep silent and dare.

The birth and rebirth of all Nature, the passing of Winter and Spring, 
We share with the life Universal, rejoice in the Magical Ring

Four times in the year the Great Sabbat, returns, and the Witches are seen, 
At Lammas and Candelas dancing, on May Eve and old Halloween

When daytime and nighttime are equal, when sun is at greatest and least, 
The four lesser Sabbats are summoned, again Witches gather in feast.

Thirteen silver moons in a year are, thirteen is the Covens array, 
Thirteen times at Esbat make merry, for each golden year and a day.

The power has passed down the ages, each time between woman and man
Each century unto the other, ere times and the ages began.

When drawn is the Magickal circle, by sword or athame of power, 
Its compass between two worlds lies, in the land of shades of that hour.

Our world has no right to know it, and the world beyond will tell naught, 
The oldest of Gods are invoked there, the great work of Magic is wrought.

For two are the mystical pillars, that stand at the gate of the shrine, 
And two are the powers of Nature, the forms and the forces divine.

And do what thou wilt be the challenge, so be it in love that harms none, 
For this is the only commandment, By Magick of old be it done.

Eight words the Witches Rede fulfill:
If it Harms none, Do what Thou Will!

Witches LIVE their Religion every day!

 

 

March 2000 Note:

The Rede - An In-depth Piece 
Shea Thomas began a research project to explore the roots and beginnings of what has become known as the Wiccan Rede. What he found was enough information to fill a web site. And that is exactly what he has done.

From its humble beginnings as a short poem in an alternative magazine, the Wiccan Rede has grown to become one the most widely publicized Pagan belief statements. Fueled by the Internet and an explosion of paths borrowing from Wicca, the Rede has proliferated far beyond the pedigreed covens of Gardner and Sanders to emerge as a core ethic-concept for many aspects of modern Paganism.

At the same time, there is tremendous confusion about the Rede, who wrote it, and where it's central ideas might have originated. The Wiccan Rede Project is an attempt to shed some light on this remarkable work and put together in one location some helpful commentary and information about the Wiccan Rede.

July '98 Note: Although the origin of the 'Rede and just who rewrote it has been up for debate for many a year, We just received this info via email...

"The Rede of the Wiccae should be credited to Lady Gwen Thompson for originally publishing it back in 1975 edition Green Egg Magazine"

A Listing Of Gods And Goddesses

 

Recieved From: https://www.examiner.com/article/goddesses-and-gods-of-wicca
 
 
All Wiccans should know and study our Goddesses and Gods, and find the one they connect to. We call upon them in spell casting,in rituals and to help us in every day life. So here is a list of both, it is up to you as beging Wiccan to study and learn about them as much as possible and draw them down to you.
 

Goddesses

 
Aer: Wales. Goddess of war and revenge. Goddess of the River Dee.
 
Aine: Ireland. Moon Goddess and patroness of crops and cattle. Associated with the Summer Solstice.
 
Andraste: Britain. A war and nature Goddess. Associated with the hare And Ostara.
 
Anu/ Dana/Dana-Ana: Ireland. Mother Goddess, Greatest of all Goddesses. Goddess of plenty.Maiden aspect of the triple Goddess, formed with Goddesses macha and Badb.
 
Aphrodite: Greek; Goddess of passionate, sexual love. Aphrodite will assist you in pulling loving energy towards yourself.
 
Aradia: Italian: Queen of the Witches, daughter of Diana. Aradia is an extremely powerful entity and a protectress of Witches in general.
 
Arianrhod: Welsh; Goddess of the stars and reincarnation. Call on Arianrhod to help with past life memories and difficulties as well as for contacting the Star People.
 
Artemis: Greek; Goddess of the Moon.
 
Astarte: Greek; Fertility Goddess. Whether you wish to bear children or have a magnificent garden, Astarte will assist in your desire.
 
Athena: Greek; Warrior Goddess and Protectress. Someone giving you a rough time at work? Call on Athena to help you.
 
Badbh: Ireland, Gaul. In Gaul known as Cauth Bodva. War Goddess. Part of the triple Goddess aspect with Anu and Macha. Asscoaited with cauldrons, ravens, life and wisdom.
 
Bast: Egyptian; Goddess of Protection and Cats. Bast is great for vehicle travel as well as walking down a dark alley. Call on her essence in the form of a giant panther to see you through to your destination.
 
Blodwin/ Blanchflor: Wales,Gaul. Goddess of the earth in bloom. Associated with flowers,owls and ceremonies. Goddess of initiation ceremonies.
 
Brigantia: Britain. Goddess of pastures and rivers. Associated with Imbolc.
 
Brigid: Celtic; Warrior Goddess and Protectress and Preserver. Brigid is also a Triple Goddess. She is strong and wise. Call on her to help protect your children in a tough situation. Invocation to Brigid.
 
Caillech Beine Bric/ Scota: Scotland. Destroyer Goddess of the Underworld. The name for Scotland comes from her( original name was Caledonia)
 
Ceres: Roman; Goddess of the Harvest.
 
Cerridwen: Welsh; Moon and Harvest Goddess and Goddess of nature. Goddess of the Underworld and the cauldron of inspiration.
 
Demeter: Greed; Earth Mother archetype. Excellent Goddess where birthing or small children are involved.
 
Diana: Roman; Moon Goddess and Goddess of the Hunt. Diana is many faceted. She is a seductress (as she enchanted her brother Lucifer to beget Aradia in the form of a cat) as well as a mother figure for Witches. Invocation to Diana.
 
Dryads: Greek; feminine spirits of the trees.
 
Flora: Roman; Goddess of Spring and Birth. For beautiful flowers, babies, and all bounties of Earth Mother.
 
Fortuna: Roman; Goddess of Fate.
 
Freys: Scandinavian; Moon Goddess and wife/lover of Odin. Also commander of the Valkyries.
 
Hathor: Egyptian; Protectress of Women in Business. A Hathor's Mirror is very important for the Witch. Hathor was cunning as well as beautiful.
 
Hecate: Egyptian; Moon Goddess as in Crone or Dark Mother.
 
Hera: Greek; Goddess of Marriage. If handfasting or some type of commitment is the issue, Hera is the Goddess to seek. Just remember that she has a vindictive side.
 
Hestia: Greek; Goddess of Home and Hearth. Building a house, remodeling, or apartment hunting. Safety in the home and family unit.
 
Inanna: Sumerian; Goddess representation of the Mother.
 
Isis: Egyptian; represents the Complete Goddess or the Triple Goddess. Invocation to Isis.
 
Kali: Hindu; Creative/Destructive Goddess. Protectress of abused women. Kali-Ma should be called if a woman is in fear of physical danger. Her power is truly awesome.
 
Lilith: Hebrew; Adam's first wife and said to be turned into a demoness; however, you may change your mind. In Silver RavenWolf's opinion, Lilith was a Star Woman bred with Adam. This would make her a Goddess of Higher Intelligence or a representation of the Star People. Associated with sexuality and the dark side.
 
Macha: Ireland. Mother of life and death. A war Goddess. Associated with ravens and crows. Dominates males with sexual cunning and force. She was honored at Lughnassadh.
 
Maat: Egyptian; Goddess of Justice and Divine Order. Maat is the true balance of any situation. She plays no favorites and will dispense justice to all parties involved. Be sure your own slate is clean in the situation before you call her.
 
Morgan: Ireland, Wales, Britian; Crone aspect of the triple Goddess. Goddess of War, magick, fate and death.. She was also doubled with The Lady of the Lake. Associtaed with ravens,crows,shapeshifting, magick,prophecy,wisdom,war,peace and night. It is Morgan who taught Merlin his magick Patroness of priestesses and witches.
 
Morgan Le Fay: Welsh. Death Goddess. Glamorgan in Wales is her sacred terrotory.
 
Muses: Greek; Goddess of Inspiration who vary in number depending upon the pantheon used.
 
Nephtys: Egyptian; Goddess of Surprises, Sisters and Midwives.
 
Norns: Celtic; the three sisters of the Wyrd. Responsible for weaving fate- past, present and future.
 
Nuit: Egyptian; Sky Mother. Often seen depicted in circular fashion cradling the stars.
 
Persephone: Greek; Goddess of the Underworld as well as Harvest. Daughter of Demeter.
 
Rhiannon: Wales. Goddess of birds and horses. She rides a white horse. Goddess of the Underworld.
 
Selene: Greek; Goddess of the Moon and Solutions. Appeal to Selene to bring a logical answer to any problem.
 
Valkyries: Scandinavian; women warriors who carried the souls of men slain in battle to heaven.
 
Venus: Roman; Goddess of Love and Romance.
 
Vesta: Roman; Goddess of Fire.
 
 
 

Gods

 
Adonis: Greek; consort of Aphrodite. Also another name for "Lord." In Phoenician his counterpart is Astarte. A vegetation God. Roman counterpart is Venus.
 
Amaethon: Wales. God of agriculture.
 
Anubis: Egyptian; guardian of Isis. Jackal-Headed God of Protection. Call on hem to protect both home and person.
 
Apollo: Greek and Roman; twin brother of Artemis. God of the Sun, Light and the Arts.
 
Apsu: Babylonian; his mate is Tiamat.
 
Bel/Bile/Belenus: Ireland. Sun and fire God. Associated with fire,sun, purification,success,crops,fertility and cattle. Seen in the festival of Beltane.
 
Bran: Wales. The giant. God of prophecy,the arts,leaders,war,music and writing. Associated with ravens.
 
Camulos - Britian,Gaul. War God
 
Cernunnos: Celtic; Horned God and consort of the Lady. God of Nature. Also called Herne The Hunter. He represents the darker aspects of nature.
 
Eros: Greek; God of Romance and Passionate Love.
 
Green Man: God of nature: The male spirit of nature, life and growth. The Green Man
 
Herne The Hunter: Britain. The dark lord. God of the hunt, wild animals, and forests. Associated with the Gods, Cernunnos and Gwynn ap Nudd.
 
Horus: Egyptian; Head of a Falcon and body of a man. God of the all-seeing eye and healing.
 
Hymen: Greek; God of Marriage and Commitment. His counterpart is Dionysus.
 
Kai: Wales. A fire and smithing God.
 
Lucifer: Italian: Soulmate and Brother of Diana. Father of Aradia. God of the Sun and Light.
 
Lugh: Ireland,Wales. Sun and War God. Connected with the festival of Lughnassadh, a harvest festival. Associated with ravens. and a white stag.
 
Math Mathonwy: Wales, Britian. God of magick,sorcery and enchantment.
 
Mithra: Persian; Sun God and bringer of Light. A soldier's God.
 
Odin: Scandinavian; counterpart of Freya. This is the God who hung on the Tree of Yggdrasil to obtain second sight. His familiars are the Raven and the Wolf. He is depicted as a terrible God, in his old age as a God of Wisdom and psychic sight. He is the giver of Runes.
 
Osiris: Egyptian; counterpart of Isis. Over-all God form including vegetation and after-life.
 
Owen ap Urien: Wales. God of wisdom, magick and war. Associated with Ravens.
 
Pan: Greek; God of Nature and the Woods, Laughter and Passion. Also music and personal abandon. Invocation to Pan.
 
Poseidon: Greek; God of the Sea. His familiars are dolphins and horses.
 
Ptah: Egyptian; Expert craftsman and designer. God of creative enterprise with the hands.
 
Shiva: Hindu; consort of Kali. God of the universal cycle of birth-death-rebirth. Shiva can be both kind and terrible.
 
Sucellus: Britain. Father God , a sky God. God of authority,success,protection and strength.
 
Thor: Scandinavian; God of the Sky and Thunder. A kindly God of the common people, including farmers and sailors.
 
Thoth: Egyptian; God of Reincarnation. Also a Moon God and favorable to science and wisdom.

Military Views on Wicca US Army Chaplain's Manual

US Army Chaplain's Manual

 

 

Excerpt from the U.S. Army's Religious Requirements and Practices of Certain Selected Groups: A Handbook for Chaplains (pgs 231-236). Available from: 
 
USAF Chaplain's Service Institute
Resource Division
525 Chenault Circle
Maxwell AFB
Montgomery, AL 36112-6429
 
WICCA 
 
ADDRESS:
No central address. Wiccan worship groups, called covens, are essentially autonomous. Many, but far from all, have affiliated with: 
 
Covenant of the Goddess
P.O. Box 1226
Berkeley, CA 94704
 

 

OTHER NAMES BY WHICH KNOWN:

Witchcraft; Goddess worshippers; Neo-Paganism, Paganism, Norse (or any other ethnic designation) Earth Religion, Old Religion, Druidism, Shamanism.
 
Note: All of these groups have some basic similarities and many surface differences of expression with Wicca. 
 

LEADERSHIP:

No central leadership. The Covenant of the Goddess annually elects a First Officer and there is a constitutional limit of two consecutive terms, but in practice officers have almost always served for one year only. In 1991, there are two Co-First Officers, Phoenix Whitebirch and Brandy Williams. 
 

MEMBERSHIP:

Because of the complete autonomy of covens, this cannot be determined. There are an estimated of 50,000 Wiccans in the United States. 
 
(Hernes note: This number is now substantially higher and estimated at over 200,000. Wicca is currently the fastest growing spiritual path in the U.S.) 
 

HISTORICAL ORIGIN:

Wicca is a reconstruction of the Nature worship of tribal Europe, strongly influenced by the Living Nature worship traditions of tribal peoples in other parts of the world. 
 
The works of such early twentieth century writers as Margaret Murray, Robert Graves and Gerald B. Gardner began the renewal of interest in the Old Religion. After the repeal of the anti-Witchcraft laws in Britain in 1951, Gardner publicly declared himself a Witch and began to gather a group of students and worshipers. 
 
In 1962, two of his students, Raymond and Rosemary Buckland (religious names: Lady Rowen and Robat), emigrated to the United States and began teaching Gardnerian Witchcraft here. At the same time, other groups of people became interested through reading books by Gardner and others. Many covens were spontaneously formed, using rituals created from a combination of research and individual inspiration. These self-created covens are today regarded as just as valid as those who can trace a "lineage" of teaching back to England. 
 
In 1975, a very diverse group of covens who wanted to secure the legal protections and benefits of church status formed Covenant of the Goddess (CoG), which is incorporated in the State of California and recognized by the Internal Revenue Service. CoG does not represent all, or even a majority of Wiccans. A coven or an individual need not be affiliated with CoG in order to validly practice the religion. But CoG is the largest single public Wiccan organization, and it is cross-Traditional (i.e. non-denominational). 
 

BASIC BELIEFS:

Wiccans worship the sacred as immanent in Nature, often personified as Mother Earth and Father Sky. As polytheists, they may use many other names for Deity. Individuals will often choose Goddesses or Gods from any of the world's pantheons whose stories are particularly inspiring and use those Deities as a focus for personal devotions. 
 
Similarly, covens will use particular Deity names as a group focus, and these are often held secret by the groups. It is very important to be aware that Wiccans do not in any way worship or believe in "Satan," "the Devil," or any similar entities. They point out that "Satan" is a symbol of rebellion against and inversion of the Christian and Jewish traditions. 
 
Wiccans do not revile the Bible. They simply regard it as one among many of the world's mythic systems, less applicable than some to their core values, but still deserving just as much respect as any of the others. Most Wiccan groups also practice magic, by which they mean the direction and use of "psychic energy," those natural but invisible forces which surround all living things. Some members spell the word "magick," to distinguish it from sleight of hand entertainments. 
 
Wiccans employ such means as dance, chant, creative visualization and hypnosis to focus and direct psychic energy for the purpose of healing, protecting and aiding members in various endeavors. Such assistance is also extended to non-members upon request. 
 
Many, but not all, Wiccans believe in reincarnation. Some take this as a literal description of what happens to people when they die. For others, it is a symbolic model that helps them deal with the cycles and changes within this life. Neither Reincarnation nor any other literal belief can be used as a test of an individual's validity as a member of the Old Religion. 
 
Most groups have a handwritten collection of rituals and lore, known as a Book of Shadows. Part of the religious education of a new member will be to hand copy this book for him or herself. Over they years, as inspiration provides, new material will be added. Normally, access to these books is limited to initiated members of the religion. 
 

PRACTICES AND BEHAVIORAL STANDARDS: 

The core ethical statement of Wicca, called the "Wiccan Rede" states "an it harm none, do what you will." The rede fulfills the same function as does the "Golden Rule" for Jews and Christians; all other ethical teachings are considered to be elaborations and applications of the Rede. It is a statement of situational ethics, emphasizing at once the individual's responsibility to avoid harm to others and the widest range of personal autonomy in "victimless" activities. Wicca has been described as having a "high-choice" ethic.
 
Because of the basic Nature orientation of the religion, many Wiccans will regard all living things as Sacred, and show a special concern for ecological issues. For this reason, individual conscience will lead some to take a pacifist position. Some are vegetarians. Others will feel that, as Nature's Way includes self-defense, they should participate in wars that they conscientiously consider to be just. The religion does not dictate either position, but requires each member to thoughtfully and meditatively examine her or his own conscience and to live by it. Social forces generally do not yet allow Witches to publicly declare their religious faith without fear of reprisals such as loss of job, child custody challenges, ridicule, etc. Prejudice against Wiccans is the result of public confusion between Witchcraft and Satanism. Wiccans in the military, especially those who may be posted in countries perceived to be particularly intolerant, will often have their dog tags read "No Religious Preference." Concealment is a traditional Wiccan defense against persecution, so non-denominational dog tags should not contravene a member's request for religious services. 
 
Wiccans celebrate eight festivals, called "Sabbats," as a means of attunement to the seasonal rhythms of Nature. These are January 31 (Called Oimelc, Brigit, or February Eve), March 21 (Ostara or Spring Equinox), April 30 (Beltane or May Eve), June 22 (Midsummer, Litha or Summer Solstice), July 31 (Lunasa or Lammas), September 21 (Harvest, Mabon or Autumn Equinox), October 31 (Samhain, Sowyn or Hallows), and December 21 (Yule or Winter Solstice.) 
 
Some groups find meetings within a few days of those dates to be acceptable, others require the precise date. In addition, most groups will meet for worship at each Full Moon, and many will also meet on the New Moon. 
 
Meetings for religious study will often be scheduled at any time convenient to the members, and rituals can be scheduled whenever there is a need (i.e. for a healing). Ritual jewelry is particularly important to many Wiccans. In addition to being a symbol of religious dedication, these talismans are often blessed by the coven back home and felt to carry the coven's protective and healing energy. 
 

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE: 

Most Wiccans meet with a coven, a small group of people. Each coven is autonomous. Most are headed by a High Priestess, often with the assistance of a High Priest. Some are headed by a High Priestess or High Priest without a partner, and some regard themselves as a gathering of equals. Covens can be of mixed gender, or all female or male, depending on the preferences of the members. Every initiate is considered to be a priestess or priest. 
 
Most covens are small. Thirteen is the traditional maximum number of members, although not an absolute limit. At that size covens form a close bond, so Wiccans in the military are likely to maintain a strong affiliation with their covens back home. There are many distinct "Traditions" of Wicca, just as there are many denominations within Christianity. 
 
The spectrum of Wiccan practice can be described as ranging from "traditional" to "eclectic," with Traditions, covens and individuals fitting anywhere within that range. A typical difference would be that more traditional groups would tend to follow a set liturgy, whereas eclectic groups would emphasize immediate inspiration in worship. 
 
These distinctions are not particularly important to the military chaplain, since it is unlikely that enough members of any one Tradition would be at the same base. Worship circles at military facilities are likely to be ad-hoc cross-Traditional groups, working out compromise styles of worship for themselves and constantly adapting them to a changing membership. 
 
Therefore, the lack of strict adherence to the patterns of any one Tradition is not an indicator of invalidity. While many Wiccans meet in a coven, there are also a number of solitairies. These are individuals who choose to practice their faith alone. The may have been initiated in a coven or self initiated. They will join with other Wiccans to celebrate the festivals or to attend the various regional events organized by the larger community. 
 

ROLE OF MINISTERS: 

Within a traditional coven, the High Priestess, usually assisted by her High Priest, serves both as leader in the rituals and as teacher and counselor for coven members and unaffiliated Pagans. Eclectic covens tend to share leadership more equally. 
 

WORSHIP: 

Wiccans usually worship in groups. Individuals who are currently not affiliated with a coven, or are away from their home coven, may choose to worship privately or may form ad-hoc groups to mark religious occasions. Non-participating observers are not generally welcome at Wiccan rituals. 
 
Some, but not all, Wiccan covens worship in the nude (skyclad) as a sign of attunement with Nature. 
 
Most, but not all, Wiccan covens bless and share a cup of wine as part of the ritual. Almost all Wiccans use an individual ritual knife (an "athame") to focus and direct personal energy. Covens often also have ritual swords to direct the energy of the group. These tools, like all other ritual tools, are highly personal and should never leave the possession of the owner. 
 
Other commonly used ritual tools include a bowl of water, a bowl of salt, a censer with incense, a disk with symbols engraved on it (a "pentacle"), statues or artwork representing the Goddess and God, and candles. Most groups will bless and share bread or cookies along with the wine. All of these items are used in individual, private worship as well as in congregate rituals. 
 

DIETARY LAWS OR RESTRICTIONS: 

None. 
 

FUNERAL AND BURIAL REQUIREMENTS: 

None. Recognition of the death of a member takes place within the coven, apart from the body of the deceased. Ritual tools, materials, or writings found among the effects of the deceased should be returned to their home coven (typically a member will designate a person to whom ritual materials should be sent). It is desirable for a Wiccan priest or priestess to be present at the time of death, but not strictly necessary. If not possible, the best assistance would be to make the member as comfortable as possible, listen to whatever they have to say, honor any possible requests, and otherwise leave them as quiet and private as possible. 

 

MEDICAL TREATMENT: 

No medical restrictions. Wiccans generally believe in the efficacy of spiritual or psychic healing when done in tandem with standard medical treatment. Therefore, at the request of the patient, other Wiccan personnel should be allowed visiting privileges as though they were immediate family, including access to Intensive Care Units. Most Wiccans believe that healing energy can be sent from great distances, so, if possible, in the case of any serious medical condition, the member's home coven should be notified. 
 

OTHER: 

With respect to attitude toward military service, Wiccans range from career military personnel to conscientious objectors. Wiccans do not proselytize and generally resent those who do. They believe that no one Path to the Sacred is right for all people, and see their own religious pattern as only one among many that are equally worthy. Wiccans respect all religions that foster honor and compassion in their adherents, and expect the same respect. Members are encouraged to learn about all faiths, and are permitted to attend the services of other religions, should they desire to do so. 
 

GENERAL SOURCE BOOKS: 

 
(Aside by Herne. Since this was written by the military, the list of books available has grown subtantially. For more topics and titles, see our Suggested Reading List) 
 
The best general survey of the Wiccan and neo-Pagan movement is: Adler, Margot. Drawing Down the Moon. Boston: Beacon Press, 1986. 595pp 
 
For more specific information about eclectic Wicca, see: Starhawk. The Spiral Dance. New York: Harper & Row, 1979. 
 
For more specific information about traditional Wicca, see: Farrar, Janet, and Stewart Farrar. Eight Sabbats for Witches. London: Robert Hale, 1981. 192pp. 
 
The Witches' Way. London: Robert Hale, 1984. 394pp. 
 
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT: 
 
Pagan Military Newsletter c/o Terri Morgan, Editor, 829 Lynnhaven Parkway 114-198 Virginia Beach, VA 23452 
 
Because of the autonomy of each coven and the wide variance of specific ritual practices, the best contact person would be the High Priestess or other leader of the member's home coven. 
 
*Recieved from: https://wicca.com/celtic/wicca/military.htm

What is the meaning of Deosil and Widdershins?

 

To move deosil is to move in a clockwise (or sunwise) direction. This archaic term is sometimes used in Wiccan ceremonies. The opposite of deosil is widdershins, which means counterclockwise.
 
Pronunciation: DEE-oh-sill
Also Known As: Sunwise
 

What is a Book of Shadows? How do I get started?

 

Whether it's called a "Book Of Magik", a "Magikal Grimoire", or a "Book Of Shadows", it's important for every witch to create a book of records. These are your personal notes, a diary of your spiritual or magikal experiences. A book to record your dreams, interpretations, aspirations and affirmations.

In a simplified definition, it is a book kept and used by a witch to record research, thoughts, experiences and spiritual information, such as spells, incantations, potions and so on.

 

 

Start by deciding what kind of book you want to use. A spiral notebook is one favorite method. A three hole binder is another, making it easy to maintain sections for organization. Some people purchase hard cover stationary books at their local book store, making various volumes or collections of magikal information.
 
Which ever you choose, label the book and set it's purpose and energy from the start. You can record the title on the outside or on the page inside the cover. But it's the first thing you should do. After the title, date the book. Some witches create a new book at the beginning of each magikal year during Samhain. While others use the same book over a period of time until it's full and then they start a new volume. It's up to you which way to date your book, but you should enter a date and if possible a volume reference. This will help keep your books organized over the years.
 
Next, take some time and think of a personal blessing to record on the first page (or after the title page). The book blessing is done as a dedication to your spiritual growth, you path of learning and protection for the information you'll gain and record within the covers of your book. You might write out the blessing on scrap paper until you get just right and then transfer the blessing to your Book of Shadows.
 
If you find that the book you've chosen loses it's appeal, or isn't adequate for your needs, don't hesitate in finding a new one. You must feel comfortable and well, attached to your book. This gives the book energy and meaning within your spiritual life. Another example of setting it's intent and importance in your life.
What To Keep In A "Book Of Shadows"
You can record as much information as you want, or stick with a bare minimum. Chose to use it as a daily diary, where all your information is kept. Or you can maintain a couple of different books, separating your daily thoughts into one, research and magikal information into an other, with spells and incantations into a third. It's entirely up to you. But keep in mind, you want your book to be well organized. You want to be able to quickly turn to a particular section and page to find some particular information when needed.
 
Here's a general list and suggested organization for your personal book.

  • Book Title and Date

  • Book Blessing

  • General Index (make a few sections to help organize your book)

Suggested Sections:

  • Magikal Rules and Principles

Write down your personal principles, beliefs, and/or magikal rules that you chose to follow and believe in. These are your values of life and spiritual path. They should be created from scratch each time you begin a new book. 

 

  • Dream and Divination Records

This section is for messages you receive through dreams, or some type of divination. Either a reading you've given to yourself, or received from someone else. This is the section where you want to record your personal introspection and interpretations.

  • Research

Here you can record all the research and particular information you receive along your path. You might consider organizing this into sub-sections in alphabetical order. Astrology, candles, crystals, Gods/Goddess, tarot and timeliness research could be some examples.

 

  • Spells, Incantations & Prayers

Record the spells, incantations and prayers you find along your spiritual path. Those you like and even those you really dislike. There is a message hidden within words you feel very strongly against, write them down and note that you "dislike this one". Later when you have time, re-read the words and try to find the message hidden within for you.

  • Rituals & Ceremonies

Plan out your rituals and ceremonies. Record your experiences during or after conducting the event. Include your thoughts about what you liked, what worked well and what you'd like to change next time.

  • Herbal Remedies and Potions

These are your personal recopies. They can cover various herbology information and recopies to specific potions which are to be used in conjunction with a spell or incantation.
Closing Thoughts
 
 

*recieved in fo from:

https://www.paganspath.com/magik/shadows.htm

 
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